mysql中is null语句的用法分享

mysql数据库中is null语句的用法

注意在mysql中，0或 null意味着假而其它值意味着真。布尔运算的默认真值是1。

对null的特殊处理即是在前面的章节中，为了决定哪个动物不再是活着的，使用death is not null而不使用death != null的原因。

在group by中，两个null值视为相同。

执行order by时，如果运行 order by ... asc，则null值出现在最前面，若运行order by ... desc，则null值出现在面。

null操作的常见错误是不能在定义为not null的列内插入0或空字符串，但事实并非如此。在null表示"没有数值"的地方有数值

。使用is [not] null则可以很容易地进行测试

is null or = null

mysql>
mysql> create table ic(
    ->    icid     smallint not null auto_increment primary key,
    ->    name        varchar(50) not null,
    ->    instock     smallint unsigned not null,
    ->    onorder     smallint unsigned not null,
    ->    reserved    smallint unsigned not null,
    ->    department  enum('classical', 'popular') not null,
    ->    category    varchar(20) not null,
    ->    rowupdate   timestamp not null
    -> );
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> insert into ic (name,          instock, onorder, reserved, department,   category) values
    ->                   ('java',          10,      5,       3,        'popular',    'rock'),
    ->                   ('css',    10,      5,       3,        'classical',  'opera'),
    ->                   ('c sharp',       17,      4,       1,        'popular',    'jazz'),
    ->                   ('c',             9,       4,       2,        'classical',  'dance'),
    ->                   ('c++',           24,      2,       5,        'classical',  'general'),
    ->                   ('perl',          16,      6,       8,        'classical',  'vocal'),
    ->                   ('python',        2,       25,      6,        'popular',    'blues'),
    ->                   ('php',           32,      3,       10,       'popular',    'jazz'),
    ->                   ('asp.',       12,      15,      13,       'popular',    'country'),
    ->                   ('vb.',        5,       20,      10,       'popular',    'new age'),
    ->                   ('vc.',        24,      11,      14,       'popular',    'new age'),
    ->                   ('uml',           42,      17,      17,       'classical',  'general'),
    ->                   ('.java2s.',25,      44,      28,       'classical',  'dance'),
    ->                   ('oracle',        32,      15,      12,       'classical',  'general'),
    ->                   ('pl/sql',        20,      10,      5,        'classical',  'opera'),
    ->                   ('sql server',    23,      12,      8,        'classical',  'general');
query ok, 16 rows affected (0.00 sec)
records: 16  duplicates: 0  warnings: 0

mysql>
mysql> select from ic;
+---------+----------------+---------+---------+----------+------------+----------+---------------------+
| icid | name           | instock | onorder | reserved | department | category | rowupdate           |
+---------+----------------+---------+---------+----------+------------+----------+---------------------+
|       1 | java           |      10 |       5 |        3 | popular    | rock     | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|       2 | javascript     |      10 |       5 |        3 | classical  | opera    | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|       3 | c sharp        |      17 |       4 |        1 | popular    | jazz     | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|       4 | c              |       9 |       4 |        2 | classical  | dance    | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|       5 | c++            |      24 |       2 |        5 | classical  | general  | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|       6 | perl           |      16 |       6 |        8 | classical  | vocal    | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|       7 | python         |       2 |      25 |        6 | popular    | blues    | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|       8 | php            |      32 |       3 |       10 | popular    | jazz     | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|       9 | asp.        |      12 |      15 |       13 | popular    | country  | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|      10 | vb.         |       5 |      20 |       10 | popular    | new age  | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|      11 | vc.         |      24 |      11 |       14 | popular    | new age  | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|      12 | uml            |      42 |      17 |       17 | classical  | general  | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|      13 | .java2s. |      25 |      44 |       28 | classical  | dance    | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|      14 | oracle         |      32 |      15 |       12 | classical  | general  | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|      15 | pl/sql         |      20 |      10 |        5 | classical  | opera    | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
|      16 | sql server     |      23 |      12 |        8 | classical  | general  | 2007-07-23 19:09:45 |
+---------+----------------+---------+---------+----------+------------+----------+---------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> select name, department, category
    -> from ic
    -> where category is null
    -> order by name;
empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> select name, department, category
    -> from ic
    -> where category = null
    -> order by name;
empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> drop table ic;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 <=>null: null不等空
null意味着“没有值”或.3ppt.“未知值”，且它被看作与众不同的值。为了测试null，你不能使用算术比较 操作符例如=、<或!=
mysql>
mysql> select name, department, category
    -> from ic
    -> where category<=>null
    -> order by name;
empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> drop table ic;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

is not null

mysql> select name, department, category
    -> from ic
    -> where category is not null
    -> order by name;
+----------------+------------+----------+
| name           | department | category |
+----------------+------------+----------+
| asp.        | popular    | country  |
| c              | classical  | dance    |
| c sharp        | popular    | jazz     |
| c++            | classical  | general  |
| java           | popular    | rock     |
| javascript     | classical  | opera    |
| oracle         | classical  | general  |
| perl           | classical  | vocal    |
| php            | popular    | jazz     |
| pl/sql         | classical  | opera    |
| python         | popular    | blues    |
| sql server     | classical  | general  |
| uml            | classical  | general  |
| vb.         | popular    | new age  |
| vc.         | popular    | new age  |
| .java2s. | classical  | dance    |
+----------------+------------+----------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> drop table ic;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)