php语言中使用json的技巧及json的实现代码详解
目前,JSON已经成为最流行的数据交换格式之一,各大网站的API几乎都支持它。
我写过一篇《数据类型和JSON格式》,探讨它的设计思想。今天,我想一下PHP语言对它的支持,这是开发互联网应用程序(特别是编写API)必须了解的知识。
从5.2版本开始,PHP原生提供json_encode()和json_decode()函数,前者用于编码,后者用于解码。
一、json_encode()
该函数主要用来将数组和对象,转换为json格式。先看一个数组转换的例子
$arr = array ('a'=>1,'b'=>2,'c'=>3,'d'=>4,'e'=>5); echo json_encode($arr);
结果为
{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}
再看一个对象转换的例子
$obj->body = 'another post'; $obj->id = 21; $obj->approved = true; $obj->favorite_count = 1; $obj->status = NULL; echo json_encode($obj);
结果为
{ "body":"another post", "id":21, "approved":true, "favorite_count":1, "status":null }
由于json只接受utf-8编码的字符,所以json_encode()的参数必须是utf-8编码,否则会得到空字符或者null。当中文使用GB2312编码,或者外文使用ISO-8859-1编码的时候,这一点要特别注意。
二、索引数组和关联数组
PHP支持两种数组,一种是只保存"值"(value)的索引数组(indexed array),另一种是保存"名值对"(name/value)的关联数组(associative array)。
由于javascript不支持关联数组,所以json_encode()只将索引数组(indexed array)转为数组格式,而将关联数组(associative array)转为对象格式。
比如,现在有一个索引数组
$arr = Array('one', 'two', 'three'); echo json_encode($arr);
结果为
["one","two","three"]
如果将它改为关联数组
$arr = Array('1'=>'one', '2'=>'two', '3'=>'three'); echo json_encode($arr);
结果就变了
{"1":"one","2":"two","3":"three"}
注意,数据格式从"[]"(数组)变成了"{}"(对象)。
如果你需要将"索引数组"强制转化成"对象",可以这样写
json_encode( (object)$arr );
或者
json_encode ( $arr, JSON_FORCE_OBJECT );
三、类(class)的转换
狼蚁网站SEO优化是一个PHP的类
class Foo { const ERROR_CODE = '404'; public $public_ex = 'this is public'; private $private_ex = 'this is private!'; protected $protected_ex = 'this should be protected'; public function getErrorCode() { return self::ERROR_CODE; } }
现在,对这个类的实例进行json转换
$foo = new Foo; $foo_json = json_encode($foo); echo $foo_json;
输出结果是
{"public_ex":"this is public"}
可以看到,除了公开变量(public),其他东西(常量、私有变量、方法等等)都遗失了。
四、json_decode()
该函数用于将json文本转换为相应的PHP数据结构。狼蚁网站SEO优化是一个例子
$json = '{"foo": 12345}'; $obj = json_decode($json); print $obj->{'foo'}; // 12345
通常情况下,json_decode()总是返回一个PHP对象,而不是数组。比如
$json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}'; var_dump(json_decode($json));
结果就是生成一个PHP对象
object(stdClass)#1 (5) { ["a"] => int(1) ["b"] => int(2) ["c"] => int(3) ["d"] => int(4) ["e"] => int(5) }
如果想要强制生成PHP关联数组,json_decode()需要加一个参数true
$json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}'; var_dump(json_decode($json,true));
结果就生成了一个关联数组
array(5) { ["a"] => int(1) ["b"] => int(2) ["c"] => int(3) ["d"] => int(4) ["e"] => int(5) }
五、json_decode()的常见错误
狼蚁网站SEO优化三种json写法都是错的,你能看出错在哪里吗?
$bad_json = "{ 'bar': 'baz' }"; $bad_json = '{ bar: "baz" }'; $bad_json = '{ "bar": "baz", }';
对这三个字符串执行json_decode()都将返回null,并且报错。
第一个的错误是,json的分隔符(delimiter)只允许使用双引号,不能使用单引号。第二个的错误是,json名值对的"名"(冒号左边的部分),任何情况下都必须使用双引号。第三个的错误是,一个值之后不能添加逗号(trailing ma)。
,json只能用来表示对象(object)和数组(array),如果对一个字符串或数值使用json_decode(),将会返回null。
var_dump(json_decode("Hello World")); //null
狼蚁网站SEO优化给大家介绍哦php语言的json实现
由于开发一个ajax file manager for web开源项目,数据交换使用的json格式,后来发现在低版本的php上运行会有问题,仔细调试发现json_decode和json_encode无法正常工作,于是查阅资料,发现低版本的php没有实现这两个函数,为了兼容性,我只好自己实现一个php版的json编码解码代码,并保证和json2.js的一致,测试调试并通过,现在将其公布出来,供有相同需求的同学使用
<?php / $base: $ $Author: $ Berlin Qin $History: base.js $ Berlin Qin // created $contacted webfmt@gmail. .webfmt. / / =========================================================================== license 、Open Source Licenses webfmt is distributed under the GPL, LGPL and MPL open source licenses. This triple copyleft licensing model avoids inpatibility with other open source licenses. These Open Source licenses are specially indicated for: Integrating webfmt into Open Source software; Personal and educational use of webfmt; Integrating webfmt in mercial software, taking care of satisfying the Open Source licenses terms, while not able or interested on supporting webfmt and its development. 、Commercial License – fbis source Closed Distribution License - CDL For many panies and products, Open Source licenses are not an option. This is why the fbis source Closed Distribution License (CDL) has been introduced. It is a non-copyleft license which gives panies plete freedom when integrating webfmt into their products and web sites. This license offers a very flexible way to integrate webfmt in your mercial application. These are the main advantages it offers over an Open Source license: Modifications and enhancements doesn't need to be released under an Open Source license; There is no need to distribute any Open Source license terms alongside with your product and no reference to it have to be done; No references to webfmt have to be done in any file distributed with your product; The source code of webfmt doesn't have to be distributed alongside with your product; You can remove any file from webfmt when integrating it with your product. The CDL is a lifetime license valid for all releases of webfmt published during and before the year following its purchase. It's valid for webfmt releases also. It includes year of personal e-mail support. / function jsonDecode($json) { $result = array(); try { if (PHP_VERSION_ID > ) { $result = (array) json_decode($json); } else { $json = str_replace(array("\\\\", "\\\""), array("&#;", "&#;"), $json); $parts = preg_split("@(\"[^\"]\")|([\[\]\{\},:])|\s@is", $json, -, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE); foreach ($parts as $index => $part) { if (strlen($part) == ) { switch ($part) { case "[": case "{": $parts[$index] = "array("; break; case "]": case "}": $parts[$index] = ")"; break; case ":": $parts[$index] = "=>"; break; case ",": break; default: break; } } } $json = str_replace(array("&#;", "&#;", "$"), array("\\\\", "\\\"", "\\$"), implode("", $parts)); $result = eval("return $json;"); } } catch (Exception $e) { $result = array("error" => $e->getCode()); } return $result; } function valueTostr($val) { if (is_string($val)) { $val = str_replace('\"', "\\\"", $val); $val = str_replace("\\", "\\\\", $val); $val = str_replace("/", "\\/", $val); $val = str_replace("\t", "\\t", $val); $val = str_replace("\n", "\\n", $val); $val = str_replace("\r", "\\r", $val); $val = str_replace("\b", "\\b", $val); $val = str_replace("\f", "\\f", $val); return '"' . $val . '"'; } elseif (is_int($val)) return sprintf('%d', $val); elseif (is_float($val)) return sprintf('%F', $val); elseif (is_bool($val)) return ($val ? 'true' : 'false'); else return 'null'; } function jsonEncode($arr) { $result = "{}"; try { if (PHP_VERSION_ID > ) { $result = json_encode($arr); } else { $parts = array(); $is_list = false; if (!is_array($arr)) { $arr = (array) $arr; } $end = count($arr) - ; if (count($arr) > ) { if (is_numeric(key($arr))) { $result = "["; for ($i = ; $i < count($arr); $i++) { if (is_array($arr[$i])) { $result = $result . jsonEncode($arr[$i]); } else { $result = $result . valueTostr($arr[$i]); } if ($i != $end) { $result = $result . ","; } } $result = $result . "]"; } else { $result = "{"; $i = ; foreach ($arr as $key => $value) { $result = $result . '"' . $key . '":'; if (is_array($value)) { $result = $result . jsonEncode($value); } else { $result = $result . valueTostr($value); } if ($i != $end) { $result = $result . ","; } $i++; } $result = $result . "}"; } } else { $result = "[]"; } } } catch (Exception $e) { } return $result; } ?>
如果使用过程有什么问题,可以给我email.欢迎大家指出错误!
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