浅析JavaScript动画模拟拖拽原理

网络编程 2021-07-04 19:19www.168986.cn编程入门
本文主要对JavaScript动画模拟拖拽原理进行分析,步骤清晰,简短的文字,深入的理解。需要的朋友可以看下

模拟拖拽的原理

x1等于div.offsetLeft

y1等于div.offsetTop

x2等于ev.clientX(ev表示event事件)

y2等于ev.clientY

当我们在方块上按下鼠标的时候,x2-x1即可确定。移动鼠标之后,我们用鼠标当前的位置即x4、y4减去x2-x1、y2-y1就可以得到方块现在的位置。

代码

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Document</title>
  <style>
   #box{
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    background: red;
   position: absolute;
   }
  </style>
 </head>
 <body>  
  <div id="box"></div>
  <script type="text/javascript">
  var oBox = document.getElementById('box');
  oBox.onmousedown = function(ev){
  // 鼠标按下 
  var ev = ev || event; 
  // 获取鼠标离div得距离
  var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;
  var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop; 
  oBox.onmousemove = function(ev){
   // 鼠标按下左键并移动 
  var ev = ev || event; 
   // 设置div移动时,它的位置
   oBox.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';
   oBox.style. = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px';
   }
   oBox.onmouseup = function(){
   // 鼠标左键抬起 
   oBox.onmousemove = oBox.onmouseup = null;
   }
  }
  </script>
 </body>
 </html>

优化代码

【1】鼠标移动快的时候,鼠标会移出方块,这时方块就不会再跟随鼠标动了。

解决办法就是将onmousemove和onmouseup加到document对象上

代码

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <title>Document</title>
  <style>
   #box{
   width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
   background: red;
    position: absolute;
   }
  </style>
 </head>
 <body>  
  <div id="box"></div>
  <script>
 var oBox = document.getElementById('box'); 
 oBox.onmousedown = function(ev){
  // 鼠标按下 
  var ev = ev || event; 
  // 获取鼠标离div得距离
  var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;
  var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop; 
  document.onmousemove = function(ev){
  // 鼠标按下左键并移动  
   var ev = ev || event; 
   // 设置div移动时,它的位置
   oBox.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';
   oBox.style. = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px'; 
   } 
   document.onmouseup = function(){
   // 鼠标左键抬起  
   document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;
   }
  }
  </script>
 </body>
 </html>

【2】当要拖动的方块中有文字时会触发浏览器的默认行为

 解决办法1、使用return false添加到onmousedown事件中阻止浏览器的默认行为(IE除外)

       2、使用全局捕获(IE)

1、使用return false添加到onmousedown事件中阻止浏览器的默认行为(IE除外)

代码

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Document</title>
  <style>
   #box{
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    background: red;
    position: absolute;
    : 0;
    left: 0;
  }
 </style>
 </head>
 <body>  
  <div id="box">模拟拖拽</div>
  <script>
 var oBox = document.getElementById('box');
 oBox.onmousedown = function(ev){
   // 鼠标按下
   var ev = ev || event;
   // 获取鼠标离div得距离
   var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;
   var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;
   document.onmousemove = function(ev){
   // 鼠标按下左键并移动 
    var ev = ev || event;
    // 设置div移动时,它的位置
    oBox.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';
    oBox.style. = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px';
   }
   document.onmouseup = function(){
  // 鼠标左键抬起 
   document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;
  }
   // 阻止默认行为
   return false;
  }
  </script>
 </body>
 </html>

2、使用全局捕获(IE)

 全局捕获当我们给一个元素这只全局捕获后,改元素会监听后续发生的所有事件,当有事件发生的时候就会触发改元素的事件

代码

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Document</title>
 </head>
 <body>
  <input type="button" id="button1" value="弹出1" />
  <input type="button" id="button2" value="弹出2" />
  <script type="text/javascript">
  window.onload = function(){
  var Btn1 = document.getElementById('button1');
   var Btn2 = document.getElementById('button2'); 
   Btn1.setCapture(); 
   Btn1.onclick = function(){
    alert(1);
  }
   Btn2.onclick = function(){
   alert(2);
  }
 }
 </script>
 </body>
</html>

给Btn1设置了全局捕获之后,即使我们点击了Btn2还是会触发Btn1的点击事件

在模拟拖拽中,给要拖拽的方块onmousedown添加全局捕获然后再onmouseup中取消全局捕获

代码

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Document</title>
  <style>
  #box{
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    background: red;
    position: absolute;
  }
  </style>
</head>
 <body>  
  <div id="box">模拟拖拽</div>
  <script>
 var oBox = document.getElementById('box');
  oBox.onmousedown = function(ev){
  // 鼠标按下 
   var ev = ev || event;
  // 获取鼠标离div得距离
   var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;
   var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;
   // IE浏览器,全局捕获
   if(oBox.setCapture){
   oBox.setCapture();
   }
   document.onmousemove = function(ev){
  // 鼠标按下左键并移动 
    var ev = ev || event;
    // 设置div移动时,它的位置
    oBox.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';
    oBox.style. = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px';
   }
   document.onmouseup = function(){
   // 鼠标左键抬起 
    document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;
    //IE下,释放全局捕获 releaseCapture();
   if ( oBox.releaseCapture ) {
     oBox.releaseCapture();
    }
   }
   // 阻止默认行为
   return false;
  }
  </script>
 </body>
 </html>

【3】封装模拟拖拽函数

 代码

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>Document</title>
  <style>
   #box{
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    background: red;
    position: absolute;
   }
  </style>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div id="box">模拟拖拽</div>
  <script>
  var oBox = document.getElementById('box');
  drag(oBox);
  function drag(obj){
   obj.onmousedown = function(ev){
    // 鼠标按下
   var ev = ev || event;
    // 获取鼠标离div得距离
    var mouseBoxleft = ev.clientX - this.offsetLeft;
    var mouseBoxTop = ev.clientY - this.offsetTop;
    // IE浏览器,全局捕获
    if(obj.setCapture){
     obj.setCapture();
    }
    document.onmousemove = function(ev){
    // 鼠标按下左键并移动 
     var ev = ev || event;
     // 设置div移动时,它的位置
     obj.style.left = ev.clientX - mouseBoxleft + 'px';
     obj.style. = ev.clientY - mouseBoxleft + 'px';
    }
    document.onmouseup = function(){
    // 鼠标左键抬起 
     document.onmousemove = document.onmouseup = null;
    //IE下,释放全局捕获 releaseCapture();
     if ( obj.releaseCapture ) {
      obj.releaseCapture();
    }
    }
    // 阻止默认行为
    return false;
  }
 }
  </script>
 </body>
</html>

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