JavaScript中运算符规则和隐式类型转换示例详解

// 比较
[] == ![] // true
NaN !== NaN // true

1 == true // true
2 == true // false
"2" == true // flase

null > 0 // false
null < 0 // false
null == 0 // false
null >= 0 // true

// 加法
true + 1 // 1
undefined + 1 // NaN

let obj = {};

{} + 1 // 1，这里的 {} 被当成了代码块
{ 1 + 1 } + 1 // 1

obj + 1 // [object Object]1
{} + {} // Chrome 上显示 "[object Object][object Object]"，Firefox 显示 NaN

[] + {} // [object Object]
[] + a // [object Object]
+ [] // 等价于 + "" => 0
{} + [] // 0
a + [] // [object Object]

[2,3] + [1,2] // '2,31,2'
[2] + 1 // '21'
[2] + (-1) // "2-1"

// 减法或其他操作，无法进行字符串连接，在错误的字符串格式下返回 NaN
[2] - 1 // 1
[2,3] - 1 // NaN
{} - 1 // -1

// String
let value = true;
console.log(typeof value); // boolean

value = String(value); // now value is a string "true"
console.log(typeof value); // string

// Number
let str = "123";
console.log(typeof str); // string

let num = Number(str); // bees a number 123

console.log(typeof num); // number

let age = Number("an arbitrary string instead of a number");

console.log(age); // NaN, conversion failed

// Boolean
console.log( Boolean(1) ); // true
console.log( Boolean(0) ); // false

console.log( Boolean("hello") ); // true
console.log( Boolean("") ); // false

ToPrimitive(input, PreferredType?)

var ToPrimitive = function(obj,preferredType){
 var APIs = {
 typeOf: function(obj){
  return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj).slice(8,-1);
 },
 isPrimitive: function(obj){
  var _this = this,
   types = ['Null','Undefined','String','Boolean','Number'];
  return types.indexOf(_this.typeOf(obj)) !== -1; 
 }
 };
 // 如果 obj 本身已经是原始对象，则直接返回
 if(APIs.isPrimitive(obj)) {return obj;}
 
 // 对于 Date 类型，会优先使用其 toString 方法；否则优先使用 valueOf 方法
 preferredType = (preferredType === 'String' || APIs.typeOf(obj) === 'Date' ) ? 'String' : 'Number';
 if(preferredType==='Number'){
 if(APIs.isPrimitive(obj.valueOf())) { return obj.valueOf()};
 if(APIs.isPrimitive(obj.toString())) { return obj.toString()};
 }else{
 if(APIs.isPrimitive(obj.toString())) { return obj.toString()};
 if(APIs.isPrimitive(obj.valueOf())) { return obj.valueOf()};
 }
 throw new TypeError('TypeError');
}

let obj = {
 valueOf:() => {
  return 0;
 }
}

obj + 1 // 1

obj = {
  valueOf: function () {
   console.log("valueOf");
   return {}; // not a primitive
  },
  toString: function () {
   console.log("toString");
   return {}; // not a primitive
  }
 }

obj + 1
// error
Uncaught TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value
 at <anonymous>:1:5

obj[Symbol.toPrimitive] = function(hint) {
 // return a primitive value
 // hint = one of "string", "number", "default"
}

user = {
 name: "John",
 money: 1000,

 [Symbol.toPrimitive](hint) {
 console.log(`hint: ${hint}`);
 return hint == "string" ? `{name: "${this.name}"}` : this.money;
 }
};

// conversions demo:
console.log(user); // hint: string -> {name: "John"}
console.log(+user); // hint: number -> 1000
console.log(user + 500); // hint: default -> 1500

prim1 := ToPrimitive(value1)
prim2 := ToPrimitive(value2)