JavaScript中的几种继承方法示例

var obj = {};
obj.__proto__ === Object.prototype; //true
console.log(Object.prototype.constructor) // ƒ Object

var obj = {};
obj.toString();
obj.__proto__.toString(); //obj.__proto__和Object.prototype指向的是一个对象，自然就能访问Object.prototype上的toString方法啦 

var obj = {};
function fn(){};
fn.bind(obj).prototype; // undefined
Object.prototype.__proto__; // null

function Father(age){
 this.age = age;
 this.color = ['red','pink']
}
Father.prototype.sayHello = function(){
 console.log('hello')
} 
function Son(sex){
 this.sex = sex
}
console.log(Son.prototype.constructor) // ƒ Son
Son.prototype = new Father(15) // 原型链继承关键
var son = new Son('男')
son.color.push('black')
var son2 = new Son('女')
son.sayHello() // hello
son.sayHello === son2.sayHello //true
console.log(son2.color) // ['red','pink','black']
console.log(Son.prototype.constructor) // ƒ Father

//写法一
Son.prototype.constructor = Son // 这种写法有点缺点，它会让constructor属性变的可以枚举。

//写法二
Object.defineProperty(Son.prototype,'constructor',{
 enumerable:false, // 设置不可枚举
 value:Son
})

function Father(name){
 this.color = ['red']
 this.sayHello = function(){
  console.log('hello')
 }
}
Father.prototype.sayName = function(){
 console.log('zs')
}
function Son(num,name){
 Father.call(this,name) //实现继承的关键代码
 this.num = num
}
var son = new Son(10,'zs')
var son2 = new Son(15,'ls')
son.color.push('pink')
console.log(son2.color) // ['red']
son.sayName() //报错 son.sayName is not a function
console.log(son.sayHello === son2.sayHello) //false

function Father(name){
 this.color = ['red']
}
Father.prototype.sayName = function(){
 console.log('zs')
}
function Son(num,name){
 Father.call(this,name) //继承实例属性
 this.num = num
}
Son.prototype = new Father() //继承原型上属性
Son.prototype.constructor = Son
var son = new Son(10,'zs')
var son2 = new Son(15,'ls')
son.color.push('pink')
console.log(son.color,son2.color) //['red','pink'] ['red']
son.sayName() // zs

function createAnother(obj){
  var clone = Object.create(obj)
  clone.name = 'zs'
  clone.sayHello = function(){
   console.log('hello')
  }
  return clone
}
var obj = {age:15}
var newObj = createAnother(obj) // 15
console.log(newObj.name) // zs
newObj.sayHello() // hello

function Father(name){
  this.name = name
 }
 function Son(num,name){
  Father.call(this,name) // 第二次调用
 }
 Son.prototype = new Father('ls') // 第一次调用
 var son = new Son(10,'zs')
 console.log(son)

 // 复制一个父类的原型指向，将子类的原型指向复制的父类原型，达到不用调用父类构造函数就能继承其原型上的方法的效果。
 function inherit(Sup,Sub){
  var prototype = Object.create(Sup.prototype)
  Sub.prototype = prototype
  prototype.constructor = Sub
 }
 function Father(name){
  this.name = name
 }
 function Son(name){
 Father.call(this,name)
 }
 inherit(Father,Son)
 var son = new Son('zs')
 console.log(son)