什么是 MIME TYPE MIME-Types类型集合

什么是 MIME TYPE？

一、，我们要了解浏览器是如何处理内容的。在浏览器中显示的内容有 HTML、有 XML、有 GIF、还有 Flash ……那么，浏览器是如何区分它们，决定什么内容用什么形式来显示呢？答案是 MIME Type，也就是该资源的媒体类型。

媒体类型通常是通过 HTTP 协议，由 Web 服务器告知浏览器的，更准确地说，是通过 Content-Type 来表示的，例如:

Content-Type: text/HTML

表示内容是 text/HTML 类型，也就是超文本文件。为什么是“text/HTML”而不是“HTML/text”或者别的什么？MIME Type 不是个人指定的，是经过 ietf 组织协商，以 RFC 的形式作为建议的标准发布在网上的，大多数的 Web 服务器和用户代理都会支持这个规范 (顺便说一句，Email 附件的类型也是通过 MIME Type 指定的)。

通常只有一些在互联网上获得广泛应用的格式才会获得一个 MIME Type，如果是某个客户端自己定义的格式，一般只能以 application/x- 开头。

XHTML 正是一个获得广泛应用的格式，，在 RFC 3236 中，说明了 XHTML 格式文件的 MIME Type 应该是 application/xHTML+XML。

，处理本地的文件，在没有人告诉浏览器某个文件的 MIME Type 的情况下，浏览器也会做一些默认的处理，这可能和你在操作系统中给文件配置的 MIME Type 有关。比如在 Windows 下，打开注册表的“HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESOFTWAREClassesMIMEDatabaseContent Type”主键，你可以看到所有 MIME Type 的配置信息。

二、在把输出结果传送到浏览器上的时候，浏览器必须启动适当的应用程序来处理这个输出文档。这可以通过多种类型MIME（多功能网际邮件扩充协议）来完成。在HTTP中，MIME类型被定义在Content-Type header中。

例如，架设你要传送一个Microsoft Excel文件到客户端。那么这时的MIME类型就是“application/vnd.ms-excel”。在大多数实际情况中，这个文件然后将传送给Execl来处理（假设我们设定Execl为处理特殊MIME类型的应用程序）。在ASP中，设定MIME类型的方法是通过Response对象的ContentType属性。


多媒体文件格式MIME

最早的HTTP协议中，并没有附加的数据类型信息，所有传送的数据都被客户程序解释为超文本标记语言HTML 文档，而为了支持多媒体数据类型，HTTP协议中就使用了附加在文档之前的MIME数据类型信息来标识数据类型。

MIME意为多目Inter邮件扩展，它设计的最初目的是为了在发送电子邮件时附加多媒体数据，让邮件客户程序能根据其类型进行处理。当它被HTTP协议支持之后，它的意义就更为显著了。它使得HTTP传输的不仅是普通的文本，而变得丰富多彩。

每个MIME类型由两部分组成，前面是数据的大类别，例如声音audio、图象image等，后面定义具体的种类。

常见的MIME类型

超文本标记语言文本 .html,.html text/html
普通文本 .txt text/plain
RTF文本 .rtf application/rtf
GIF图形 .gif image/gif
JPEG图形 .ipeg,.jpg image/jpeg
au声音文件 .au audio/basic
MIDI音乐文件 mid,.midi audio/midi,audio/x-midi
RealAudio音乐文件 .ra, .ram audio/x-pn-realaudio
MPEG文件 .mpg,.mpeg video/mpeg
AVI文件 .avi video/x-msvideo
GZIP文件 .gz application/x-gzip
TAR文件 .tar application/x-tar

Inter中有一个专门组织IANA来确认标准的MIME类型，但Inter发展的太快，很多应用程序等不及IANA来确认他们使用的MIME类型为标准类型。他们使用在类别中以x-开头的方法标识这个类别还没有成为标准，例如x-gzip，x-tar等。事实上这些类型运用的很广泛，已经成为了事实标准。只要客户机和服务器共同承认这个MIME类型，即使它是不标准的类型也没有关系，客户程序就能根据MIME类型，采用具体的处理手段来处理数据。而Web服务器和浏览器（包括操作系统）中，缺省都设置了标准的和常见的MIME类型，只有对于不常见的 MIME类型，才需要设置服务器和客户浏览器，以进行识别。

由于MIME类型与文档的后缀相关，服务器使用文档的后缀来区分不同文件的MIME类型，服务器中必须定义文档后缀和MIME类型之间的对应关系。而客户程序从服务器上接收数据的时候，它只是从服务器接受数据流，并不了解文档的名字，服务器必须使用附加信息来告诉客户程序数据的MIME类型。服务器在发送真正的数据之前，就要先发送标志数据的MIME类型的信息，这个信息使用Content-type关键字进行定义，例如对于HTML文档，服务器将发送以下两行MIME标识信息,这个标识并不是真正的数据文件的一部分。

Content-type: text/html

注意，第二行为一个空行，这是必须的，使用这个空行的目的是将MIME信息与真正的数据内容分隔开。

MIME (Multipurpose Inter Mail Extensions) 是描述消息内容类型的因特网标准。
MIME 消息能包含文本、图像、音频、视频以及其他应用程序专用的数据。
官方的 MIME 信息是由 Inter Engineering Task Force (IETF) 在狼蚁网站SEO优化的文档中提供的
RFC-822 Standard for ARPA Inter text messages

RFC-2045 MIME Part 1: Format of Inter Message Bodies

RFC-2046 MIME Part 2: Media Types

RFC-2047 MIME Part 3: Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text

RFC-2048 MIME Part 4: Registration Procedures

RFC-2049 MIME Part 5: Conformance Criteria and Examples

不同的应用程序支持不同的 MIME 类型。

MIME Types
MIME 类型

MIME (Multipurpose Inter Mail Extensions) is an Inter standard for describes message content types.
MIME （ 多用途的网际邮件扩充协议）是用于描述信息内容类型的国际标准。

MIME messages can contain text, images, audio, video, and other application-specific data.
MIME 信息可以包含文本、图像、音频、视频和其他的应用程序细节数据。

Official MIME info is provided by the Inter Engineering Task Force (IETF) in the following documents:
官方的MIME信息是由inter工程任务组（IETF）中的下列文档所提供的

RFC-822 Standard for ARPA Inter text messages [ARPA互连网文本信息标准]
RFC-2045 MIME Part 1: Format of Inter Message Bodies [MIME 第1部分互联网信息主体的格式]
RFC-2046 MIME Part 2: Media Types [MIME 第2部分多媒体类型]
RFC-2047 MIME Part 3: Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text [MIME 第3部分非ASCII文本的页眉扩展名]
RFC-2048 MIME Part 4: Registration Procedures [MIME 第4部分注册程序]
RFC-2049 MIME Part 5: Conformance Criteria and Examples [MIME 第5部分一致性标准和案例]
Different applications support different MIME types.
不同的应用程序支持不同的MIME类型。

The reference below is a list of MIME types supported by Microsoft Inter Information Server version 5.
微软IIS5以上版本支持狼蚁网站SEO优化关于MIME类型的参数列表。

MIME Types By Content Type
Content [内容] 类型 中的 MIME 类型

Type/sub-type 类型/二级类型	Extension 扩展名
application/envoy	evy
application/fractals	fif
application/futuresplash	spl
application/hta	hta
application/inter-property-stream	acx
application/mac-binhex40	hqx
application/msword	doc
application/msword	dot
application/octet-stream
application/octet-stream	bin
application/octet-stream	class
application/octet-stream	dms
application/octet-stream	exe
application/octet-stream	lha
application/octet-stream	lzh
application/oda	oda
application/olescript	axs
application/pdf	pdf
application/pics-rules	prf
application/pkcs10	p10
application/pkix-crl	crl
application/postscript	ai
application/postscript	eps
application/postscript	ps
application/rtf	rtf
application/set-payment-initiation	setpay
application/set-registration-initiation	setreg
application/vnd.ms-excel	xla
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlc
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlm
application/vnd.ms-excel	xls
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlt
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlw
application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore	sst
application/vnd.ms-pkiseat	cat
application/vnd.ms-pkistl	stl
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	pot,
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	pps
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	ppt
application/vnd.ms-project	mpp
application/vnd.ms-works	wcm
application/vnd.ms-works	wdb
application/vnd.ms-works	wks
application/vnd.ms-works	wps
application/winhlp	hlp
application/x-bcpio	bcpio
application/x-cdf	cdf
application/x-press	z
application/x-pressed	tgz
application/x-cpio	cpio
application/x-csh	csh
application/x-director	dcr
application/x-director	dir
application/x-director	dxr
application/x-dvi	dvi
application/x-gtar	gtar
application/x-gzip	gz
application/x-hdf	hdf
application/x-inter-signup	ins
application/x-inter-signup	isp
application/x-iphone	iii
application/x-javascript	js
application/x-latex	latex
application/x-msaess	mdb
application/x-mscardfile	crd
application/x-msclip	clp
application/x-msdownload	dll
application/x-msmediaview	m13
application/x-msmediaview	m14
application/x-msmediaview	mvb
application/x-msmetafile	wmf
application/x-msmoney	mny
application/x-mspublisher	pub
application/x-msschedule	scd
application/x-msterminal	trm
application/x-mswrite	wri
application/x-cdf	cdf
application/x-cdf	nc
application/x-perfmon	pma
application/x-perfmon	pmc
application/x-perfmon	pml
application/x-perfmon	pmr
application/x-perfmon	pmw
application/x-pkcs12	p12
application/x-pkcs12	pfx
application/x-pkcs7-certificates	p7b
application/x-pkcs7-certificates	spc
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp	p7r
application/x-pkcs7-mime	p7c
application/x-pkcs7-mime	p7m
application/x-pkcs7-signature	p7s
application/x-sh	sh
application/x-shar	shar
application/x-stuffit	sit
application/x-sv4cpio	sv4cpio
application/x-sv4crc	sv4crc
application/x-tar	tar
application/x-tcl	tcl
application/x-tex	tex
application/x-texinfo	texi
application/x-texinfo	texinfo
application/x-troff	roff
application/x-troff	t
application/x-troff	tr
application/x-troff-man	man
application/x-troff-me	me
application/x-troff-ms	ms
application/x-ustar	ustar
application/x-wais-source	src
application/x-x509-ca-cert	cer
application/x-x509-ca-cert	crt
application/x-x509-ca-cert	der
application/ynd.ms-pkipko	pko
application/zip	zip
audio/basic	au
audio/basic	snd
audio/mid	mid
audio/mid	rmi
audio/mpeg	mp3
audio/x-aiff	aif
audio/x-aiff	aifc
audio/x-aiff	aiff
audio/x-mpegurl	m3u
audio/x-pn-realaudio	ra
audio/x-pn-realaudio	ram
audio/x-wav	wav
image/bmp	bmp
image/cis-cod	cod
image/gif	gif
image/ief	ief
image/jpeg	jpe
image/jpeg	jpeg
image/jpeg	jpg
image/pipeg	jfif
image/svg+xml	svg
image/tiff	tif
image/tiff	tiff
image/x-cmu-raster	ras
image/x-cmx	cmx
image/x-icon	ico
image/x-portable-anymap	pnm
image/x-portable-bitmap	pbm
image/x-portable-graymap	pgm
image/x-portable-pixmap	ppm
image/x-rgb	rgb
image/x-xbitmap	xbm
image/x-xpixmap	xpm
image/x-xwindowdump	xwd
message/rfc822	mht
message/rfc822	mhtml
message/rfc822	nws
text/css	css
text/h323	323
text/html	htm
text/html	html
text/html	stm
text/iuls	uls
text/plain	bas
text/plain	c
text/plain	h
text/plain	txt
text/richtext	rtx
text/scriptlet	sct
text/tab-separated-values	tsv
text/webviewhtml	htt
text/x-ponent	htc
text/x-setext	etx
text/x-vcard	vcf
video/mpeg	mp2
video/mpeg	mpa
video/mpeg	mpe
video/mpeg	mpeg
video/mpeg	mpg
video/mpeg	mpv2
video/quicktime	mov
video/quicktime	qt
video/x-la-asf	lsf
video/x-la-asf	lsx
video/x-ms-asf	asf
video/x-ms-asf	asr
video/x-ms-asf	asx
video/x-msvideo	avi
video/x-sgi-movie	movie
x-world/x-vrml	flr
x-world/x-vrml	vrml
x-world/x-vrml	wrl
x-world/x-vrml	wrz
x-world/x-vrml	xaf
x-world/x-vrml	xof

按照文件扩展名罗列的Mime类型

Extension 扩展名	Type/sub-type 类型/二级类型
	application/octet-stream
323	text/h323
acx	application/inter-property-stream
ai	application/postscript
aif	audio/x-aiff
aifc	audio/x-aiff
aiff	audio/x-aiff
asf	video/x-ms-asf
asr	video/x-ms-asf
asx	video/x-ms-asf
au	audio/basic
avi	video/x-msvideo
axs	application/olescript
bas	text/plain
bcpio	application/x-bcpio
bin	application/octet-stream
bmp	image/bmp
c	text/plain
cat	application/vnd.ms-pkiseat
cdf	application/x-cdf
cer	application/x-x509-ca-cert
class	application/octet-stream
clp	application/x-msclip
cmx	image/x-cmx
cod	image/cis-cod
cpio	application/x-cpio
crd	application/x-mscardfile
crl	application/pkix-crl
crt	application/x-x509-ca-cert
csh	application/x-csh
css	text/css
dcr	application/x-director
der	application/x-x509-ca-cert
dir	application/x-director
dll	application/x-msdownload
dms	application/octet-stream
doc	application/msword
dot	application/msword
dvi	application/x-dvi
dxr	application/x-director
eps	application/postscript
etx	text/x-setext
evy	application/envoy
exe	application/octet-stream
fif	application/fractals
flr	x-world/x-vrml
gif	image/gif
gtar	application/x-gtar
gz	application/x-gzip
h	text/plain
hdf	application/x-hdf
hlp	application/winhlp
hqx	application/mac-binhex40
hta	application/hta
htc	text/x-ponent
htm	text/html
html	text/html
htt	text/webviewhtml
ico	image/x-icon
ief	image/ief
iii	application/x-iphone
ins	application/x-inter-signup
isp	application/x-inter-signup
jfif	image/pipeg
jpe	image/jpeg
jpeg	image/jpeg
jpg	image/jpeg
js	application/x-javascript
latex	application/x-latex
lha	application/octet-stream
lsf	video/x-la-asf
lsx	video/x-la-asf
lzh	application/octet-stream
m13	application/x-msmediaview
m14	application/x-msmediaview
m3u	audio/x-mpegurl
man	application/x-troff-man
mdb	application/x-msaess
me	application/x-troff-me
mht	message/rfc822
mhtml	message/rfc822
mid	audio/mid
mny	application/x-msmoney
mov	video/quicktime
movie	video/x-sgi-movie
mp2	video/mpeg
mp3	audio/mpeg
mpa	video/mpeg
mpe	video/mpeg
mpeg	video/mpeg
mpg	video/mpeg
mpp	application/vnd.ms-project
mpv2	video/mpeg
ms	application/x-troff-ms
mvb	application/x-msmediaview
nws	message/rfc822
oda	application/oda
p10	application/pkcs10
p12	application/x-pkcs12
p7b	application/x-pkcs7-certificates
p7c	application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7m	application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7r	application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp
p7s	application/x-pkcs7-signature
pbm	image/x-portable-bitmap
pdf	application/pdf
pfx	application/x-pkcs12
pgm	image/x-portable-graymap
pko	application/ynd.ms-pkipko
pma	application/x-perfmon
pmc	application/x-perfmon
pml	application/x-perfmon
pmr	application/x-perfmon
pmw	application/x-perfmon
pnm	image/x-portable-anymap
pot,	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppm	image/x-portable-pixmap
pps	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppt	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
prf	application/pics-rules
ps	application/postscript
pub	application/x-mspublisher
qt	video/quicktime
ra	audio/x-pn-realaudio
ram	audio/x-pn-realaudio
ras	image/x-cmu-raster
rgb	image/x-rgb
rmi	audio/mid
roff	application/x-troff
rtf	application/rtf
rtx	text/richtext
scd	application/x-msschedule
sct	text/scriptlet
setpay	application/set-payment-initiation
setreg	application/set-registration-initiation
sh	application/x-sh
shar	application/x-shar
sit	application/x-stuffit
snd	audio/basic
spc	application/x-pkcs7-certificates
spl	application/futuresplash
src	application/x-wais-source
sst	application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore
stl	application/vnd.ms-pkistl
stm	text/html
svg	image/svg+xml
sv4cpio	application/x-sv4cpio
sv4crc	application/x-sv4crc
t	application/x-troff
tar	application/x-tar
tcl	application/x-tcl
tex	application/x-tex
texi	application/x-texinfo
texinfo	application/x-texinfo
tgz	application/x-pressed
tif	image/tiff
tiff	image/tiff
tr	application/x-troff
trm	application/x-msterminal
tsv	text/tab-separated-values
txt	text/plain
uls	text/iuls
ustar	application/x-ustar
vcf	text/x-vcard
vrml	x-world/x-vrml
wav	audio/x-wav
wcm	application/vnd.ms-works
wdb	application/vnd.ms-works
wks	application/vnd.ms-works
wmf	application/x-msmetafile
wps	application/vnd.ms-works
wri	application/x-mswrite
wrl	x-world/x-vrml
wrz	x-world/x-vrml
xaf	x-world/x-vrml
xbm	image/x-xbitmap
xla	application/vnd.ms-excel
xlc	application/vnd.ms-excel
xlm	application/vnd.ms-excel
xls	application/vnd.ms-excel
xlt	application/vnd.ms-excel
xlw	application/vnd.ms-excel
xof	x-world/x-vrml
xpm	image/x-xpixmap
xwd	image/x-xwindowdump
z	application/x-press
zip	application/zip